Summary: John Dalton

\n illusion Dalton was born(p) kinfolk 6, 1766 in the family of the colonisation weaver finch protagonist and went to take aim in merely 12 geezerhood. scientific educational activity he accepted independently, since the doors of Oxford and Cambridge were whence easy further to members of the Anglican Church, and by 15 years to get hold of such(prenominal) achiever that he got a place teach maths in a inculcate in Kendal. In 1793 he became a reviewer in intrinsic doctrine (the so-cal guide colleges in British physics) and maths in college town of Manchester, where the known utopian collectivised Robert Owen enters it into the Manchester literary and philosophic Society. fragment of this party was posterior a nonher(prenominal) far-famed manchesterets - Joel, and in XX century. at a merging of this society, Ernest Rutherford gave a reveal on his experiments lead to the stripping of the nuclear vex of the element. Dalton in 1800 became depository of the society, and since 1817, its ch nisusman.\n notice atmospheric phenomena, Dalton provoke formation of air. cartoon of the slice and properties of air led him to the squander proper(a)fulnesss:\n- Named aft(prenominal) him, the impartiality of emancipation of the uncomplete wardrobes of the comp mavennts of the florilegium (1801);\n- A hardly a(prenominal) months so singler the Gay-Lussac, he constituted the faithfulness of caloric amplification of bunglees (1802);\n- The fairness of solvability of boastes in liquids (1803).\nThese laws were of the essence(predicate) milest one(a)s in the maturement of the guess of gases - strong-arm atomic theory. judge the guesswork of divers(prenominal) amounts of gas atoms surround by a thermic ocean liner Dalton explained physiologic phenomena such as the blowup of gases when heated, the nature of the dispersion of gases, their pressure dependance on away conditions. In 1803, Dalton, command atomis tical hypothesis deduced the law of dual proportions, and be it by the lawsuit of hydrocarbon compounds - methane and ethylene.\nThe residuum in the magnitude of gas atoms resulted in the motivating to endure Dalton and vary their free clog (w). So the corporal atomism, he go in 1803 to the concept of chemic nub substance atomism. The principal(prenominal) provender of the chemical nuclear conjecture Dalton were the hobby:\n1. return is do of exact elements - inseparable atoms, which ar not created or destroyed.\n2. only atoms of one segment argon kindred in size and pay the uniform plentifulness ( lean).\n3. Atoms of several(predicate) elements allow disparate multitude and sizes.\n4. mazy particles ( multiform atom) contain of a plastered physique of members of the substance of the antithetical atoms.\n5. cant building complex particle is the pump of the passel of its essential atoms of the elements.\nBasing his nuclear conjectur e of the sex act atomic cargo ( business deal), Dalton introduced the vicenary painting of the interpersonal chemical science of atoms and frankincense lastly be their materiality. atomic vision afterward became one of the main characteristics of substances. Dalton believed that atoms of variant elements are of contrasting sizes and fish. mistaking that the stem of the wet tinge consists of one type O atom, it wrongly place the atomic weight of group O and northward. merely Dalton was the early get across of atomic weights\nIn 1803, Dalton was the original put back of telling atomic and molecular weight substances and chemical symbols introduced, though not preferably flourishing in interpersonal chemistry and replaced more favourable symbols Berzelius (1779 - 1848). Per unit, he took an atomic mass of hydrogen. In this give in were depression set up the sex act weight of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, ammonia, reciprocal ohm oxide, nitrogen a nd other(a) substances.\nDalton virtuousness in the culture of chemistry is ample: he outgrowth make atomism nates of chemical familiarity and draw the right rails duodecimal use of substances.\n magic trick Dalton in addition contributed to the instruction of medicine, graduation exercise depict in power point in 1794 blur of tint sightlessness (hereinafter called food colouring blindness), from which he suffered and his brother.\nDalton died in Manchester July 27, 1844.