Henry Iv – Moral Centre

Hanh-Thy Chau 2M N. Wittlin February 25, 2003 ENG2DB-02 A Revision of Morality in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part One Who is the moral centre in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part one? This will ceaselessly be a question challenging the intentions of Shakespeare’s literature. However, [didn’t Wittlin say don’t start with however else its after a semi-colon] the question in this revision of morality in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part one is, is there even a moral center in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part one? Humanity is incapable of absolute goodness; therefore, there is no moral centre in Henry IV, Part one since the three major characters, King Henry, Prince Hal, and Sir John Falstaff, are all somewhat morally flawed. Shakespeare reveals the imperfection of human nature through the behaviour of his [these] characters. First of all, King Henry sets a presumed reputation as the religious, loved and strong leader of England in Henry IV, Part one for his subjects. However, his supposed virtues are only results of his concealed faults. Ironically, the King can be quite blasphemous, despicable, and pathetic. Throughout the play, Henry is evidently repenting for his conduct in his acquirement of the British thrown. This is shown in his belief of â€Å"whether God will have it so, /†¦To punish my [King Henry’s] mistreadings† (III. ii. 4-11) and that â€Å"God pardon† (III. iii. 29) Hal for his unpunished sins of his bad company. Furthermore, King Henry’s disgraceful conduct clearly reveals the false reception of love from his subjects. This is especially revealed in his relationship based on conditional love with Prince Hal. His opinion of Hal, which changed from a state of â€Å"riot and dishonour† (I. i. 4) to one of â€Å"charge and sovereign† (III. iii. 161), is only established on restricted affection and Hal’s social image, rather than a personal benevolence between parent and child. In addition, another of King Henry’s loathsome features is again shown through his attainment of the throne: deceitful behaviour. Furthermore, the King’s pathetic nature is revealed by his insecurity. The play begins with the King expressing his paranoid worries, being â€Å"so shaken† and â€Å"wan with care† (I. i. 1-2), accordingly presenting the audience with its first impression of the supposedly strong leader. King Henry deceitfully attempts to use the â€Å"chase† of the â€Å"pagans in these holy fields/†¦for our [England’s] advantage† (I. i. 24-27) to distract the â€Å"civil butchery† (I. i. 13) back home in England. Overall, the life events of King Henry IV’s does not present a very moral reputation for a man of worthy of such power and prestige. Secondly, Prince Hal clearly shows both positive aspects and negative aspects, as his character undergoes great change in Henry IV, Part one. Hal gives the audience the impression of his intentions to â€Å"throw off† (I. iii. 05) his uncouthly behaviour moral to please the King, the alleged victim in Henry IV, Part one. Hal believes he can â€Å"find pardon on† his â€Å"true submission† (III. ii. 28) by satisfy his father’s expectations for the throne’s heir and discard the values of his loving surrogate father, Falstaff. As revealed in the previous quotation of pard oned submission, one of Hal’s admirable aspects is his open ability to accept his faults; however, it seems his judgement regarding the class, justice, and honour system remains stereotyped by knightly tradition. Although Prince Hal’s resultant persona is traditionally considered positive, Hal’s most commonly shown qualities in the play are characterized as manipulative, superficial and unemotional, all of which further reveal his immoral faults. Hal’s manipulative nature is exposed throughout Henry IV, Part one. Prince Hal’s manipulative intelligence is first revealed in his soliloquy, where he vows to â€Å"falsify men’s hopes/ and†¦so offend to make offense a skill† (I. iii. 205-211). Hal’s aptitude for manipulating is further proven in his sudden abandonment of Falstaff and his low class company, as foreshadowed when Hal symbolically states that â€Å"by breaking through the foul and ugly mists†¦my [Hal’s] reformation†¦shall show more goodly† (I. ii. 196-). In this quote, the clouds represent Falstaff and company and the beauty in reference [to†¦] is the reformed Hal. An addition to Hal’s [im] amoral traits is his superficiality. Hal’s superficiality is shown in his judgement of physical image. This is shown in his constant vulgar references to Falstaff’s obesity: a â€Å"fat-witted with drinking of old sack† (I. ii. 2) and his abandonment of Falstaff’s role in his life after his reformation. Hal’s commitment [to] the traditional expectations of honour results in the betrayal of Falstaff’s hedonistic approach on life and his only endeavour is to please the man who had offered a pitiful excuse of love incomparable to what Falstaff had to offer: unconditional love. These examples of Hal’s superficiality also support Hal’s lack of sympathy for others. Hal’s cold behaviour towards others is shown in his hypocritical approach for Falstaff’s hedonistic [maybe use self-gratifying] attitude. Hal is unaware of his own form of intemperance: he strives to improve his own self-image at the expense of others. Despite Hal’s admirable traits as a respectable member of court, as a human being, Prince Hal’s amorality is quite apparent by the distinction of his actions. Lastly, despite Sir John Falstaff’s self-gratifying lifestyle, he seems to be the most moral character in Henry IV, Part one, although not wholly moral because as previously addressed, human nature is inept of utter goodness. Due to Sir John Falstaff’s philosophies, many have claimed to be fond of his self-indulging ways but admit the ridicule behind paying formal respect to such a person. Falstaff cleverly manipulates others for his own welfare; however, it is only in good nature. This is proven in Act III scene iii, when Falstaff distorts the situation of his debt to Mistress Quickly into one of an accusation of her being the thief of his â€Å"picked†¦pocket† [wasn’t he really pick pocketed? ](III. iii. 53), and more wittingly forgives her in the end as she goes to prepare his meal, intending no spite upon the hostess. Falstaff deceives, cowards [not an action; cannot be used in this senctense], drinks â€Å"of old sack† (I. ii. 2) and commits virtually every sin. Shakespeare masterfully moulds these negative aspects into unusual forms of virtue in Falstaff’s character by showing that Falstaff means no harm. In doing this, Shakespeare cleverly twists the faults upon the regal members of society by building the play upon the disputes between themselves; thus, showing the power of such subtle issues, barely considered sinful, causing â€Å"civil butchery† (I. i. 13), whereas the sinful ways of â€Å"Old Jack Falstaff† (II. iv. 72) has no such effect. Although Falstaff’s pleasure priorities may be rather farfetched, his â€Å"gift†¦is youthful irresponsibility, which must be cherished even though it cannot last† (p. xx). Falstaff’s commonly repeated idea that â€Å"young men must live† (II. ii. 90) emphasizes his belief in the value of youth ful irresponsibility and luxury. Shakespeare grants Falstaff the embodiment of human nature itself, excluding extreme wicked sins, leaving Falstaff’s childlike benevolence untouched; this is shown as he pompously states, â€Å"I have more flesh than another man, and therefore more frailty† (III. ii. 167-169). Falstaff serves as a bringer of human nature as he serves to foil all other characters therefore revealing everyone moral flaws yet remaining the most moral character due to his youthful benevolence. In conclusion, Shakespeare brilliantly provokes the audiences’ involvement in his plays by presenting them with intellectual trials to the mysteries of life. Because [r u sure that u want to start a sentence with that] absolute morality is unachievable, Shakespeare does not put forward a definite moral center in Henry IV, Part one. There will always be a balance of both positive and negative forces as the faults and virtues of King Henry, Prince Hal and Sir John Falstaff were discussed. This is very good. You explained your points well just a couple of minor mistakes but I think you’ll get a good mark. Sorry for not responding I was eating dinner sorry. Talk to you later ok. Bye Word Count: 1 189 Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Henry IV, Part one. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988

Environmental and Social Impacts of Tourism in the Uk

Discuss the environmental and social impacts of tourism in the UK and consider whether the benefits exceed the costs. Tourism is a fast growing industry and a valuable sector, contributing significantly to the economy (â€Å"The Social & Cultural Impacts of Tourism†, n. d. ). It has been generally accepted that tourism is, for the most part and with relatively few exceptions, beneficial to both generating and destination countries (Holloway, 2009, p. 114).Some researchers are less sure that this is the case. This essay will discuss the environmental and social impacts of tourism in the UK considering whether the benefits exceed the costs. The socio-cultural impacts on host communities are the result of direct and indirect relations with tourists and of interaction with the tourism industry. For a variety of reasons, host communities often are the weaker party in interactions with their guests and service providers (â€Å"Socio-cultural impacts†, n. d. ).It is very diffi cult to measure the way in which the presence of large number of tourists affects the society and culture of host areas. In many cases, the effects are gradual, invisible and complex. (Davidson, 1993, p. 165). The impacts can be positive, such as the case where tourism enhances the cultural exchange between two distinct populations. The impacts can also be negative, such as the commercialisation of arts and crafts and ceremonies/rituals of the host populations (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert & Wanhill, 1998).Some of the beneficial impacts of tourism on society include the following: the creation of employment, the revitalisation of poor or non-industrialized regions, the rebirth of local arts and crafts and traditional cultural activities, the revival of social and cultural life of the local population, the renewal of local architectural traditions, and the promotion of the need to conserve area of outstanding beauty which have aesthetic and cultural value (Mason, 2003, p. 43).In Britain , for example, many great buildings from eighteen and nineteen century would have been lost had it not been possible to convert these factories, mills and warehouses into living museums for the tourist (Holloway, 2002). With the increasing secularization of Western societies, it is also tourists who will ensure that great cathedrals survive as the costs of maintaining these buildings for dwindling numbers of worshippers can no longer be borne by the ecclesiastical authorities alone(Holloway, 2009, p. 114).Whole inner-city and dockland areas have been restored and developed to make them attractive as tourist sites. Moreover, London would be a poorer place without its tourists: 40 percent of West End theatre tickets are bought by tourists (Holloway, 2002, p. 354). Tourists’ use of public transport enables residents to enjoy a better and cheaper service than would otherwise be possible (Holloway, 2009, p. 114). Country crafts, pubs, even restoration of traditional pastimes such as Morris dancing, all owe their survival to the presence of the tourist (Holloway, 2003, p. 55). There is also the socio-cultural impact of tourism on the visitor population. For instance, the growth of UK tourists visiting Spain throughout the 1960s and 1970s resulted in culinary and beverage changes in the UK (paella and Rioja wine being two Spanish products that benefited from this exchange) (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert & Wanhill, 1998, p. 169). Visitors to Australia adopted the beach-based lifestyle and the barbecue when they returned home (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert & Wanhill, 1998).However, tourism has the reputation for major detrimental effects on the society and culture of host areas (Mason, 2003, p. 43). Tourism can cause: change or loss of indigenous identity and values, culture clashes, social stress, ethical issues, crime, deteriorating working employment conditions (â€Å"Negative Socio-Cultural Impacts from Tourism†, n. d. ). Tourism can induce change or loss of local identity and values, brought about by several closely related influences: commercialization of local culture, standardisation or adaptation to tourists demands (â€Å"Socio-cultural impacts†, n. . ). For example, creating molas, which are the blouses worn by Kuna women in Columbia, is an art that began with design that reflected the conception of the world, of nature, and the spiritual life of the Kuna Nation. Now it is increasingly being transformed, through tourism, into a commercial trade which causes loss of its spiritual value and quality (â€Å"Negative Socio-Cultural Impacts from Tourism†, n. d. ). Cultural clashes may further arise from: economic inequality, irritation due to tourist behaviour like disregarding the dress code in Muslim countries, and job level friction.Moreover, increased tourism flow is causing severe social stress to local communities. Stress evolves from: resource use conflicts, cultural deterioration, conflicts with traditional land-u ses. Partly due to the above impacts, tourism can create more serious situations where ethical and even criminal issues are involved: child labour, prostitution and sex tourism (â€Å"Socio-cultural impacts†, n. d. ). There is growing concern of the global spread of AIDS and increasing impact of tropical and sexual diseases on more adventurous mass tourists (Holloway, 2009, p. 14). Over the last few years second-home tourism has become more popular, emerging as an important part of the tourism sector in a number of countries. Second homes are usually located near attractive locations, such as the sea, lakes, mountains or rural areas and often have a connection to their owners’ origins (Pedro, n. d. ). Surveys revealed that half a million English households owns second homes outside of the UK.Sometimes incomers ‘blend in’ and little conflict or damage results, but where larger groups settle may transform local culture and undermine traditions (Holloway, 200 9). Tourism also impacts a key factor in tourism: the environment. The environment is made up of both natural and human features (Mason, 2003, p. 52). As soon as tourism activity takes place, the environment is inevitably changed or modified either to facilitate tourism or during the tourism process (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert & Wanhill, 1998, p. 150). The impact can be positive or negative.The positive environmental impacts associated with tourism include: the preservation/restoration of ancient monuments, sites and historic buildings, such as the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids (Egypt), the Taj Mahal, Stonehenge and Warwick Castle (UK); the creation of national parks and wildlife parks, such as Yellowstone Park (USA), Fjord Land National Park (New Zealand); protection of reefs and beaches, the Great Barrier Reef (Australia); the maintenance of forests such as the New Forest (UK) (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert & Wanhill, 1998, p. 151).The world is full of examples of individual buildi ngs and whole areas which have been given a new lease of life by the tourism industry (Davidson, 1993, p. 131). The following have been regarded as negative environmental impacts: pollution, congestion, erosion (Holloway, 2002). Much of the damage done to the environment is caused by volume of visitors arriving at destinations which are not used to supporting people in such great numbers (Davidson, 1993). The technological complexity of contemporary living has led to various forms of pollution: air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, visual pollution.Air pollution can be a cause of large-scale tourist movement using mass transportation and fuel burn from aircrafts (Holloway, 2002). Untreated sewage, fuel spillage and rubbish from pleasure boats contribute to water pollution (Davidson, 1993). Noise, too, must be considered a form of pollution. Aircrafts taking off and landing at busy airports can severely disturb local residents, as well as noise from vehicles or tourist att ractions: bars, discos, etc. Visual pollution can be ascribed to insensitivity in the design of buildings for tourism.For example, British towns are losing their local character, as builders choose to build in ubiquitous London brick rather than the materials available locally (Holloway, 2002, p. 356). The worst examples of this are the solid rows of hotels which are often developed along coastlines, to the extent that the beach and the sea are almost blocked from the view of those living in the original coastal towns (Davidson, 1993, p136). Perhaps the most significant problem created by mass tourism is that of congestion (Holloway, 2002, p. 358).Congestion on the streets, queues in shops and overcrowding on buses and trains are the inevitable consequences of the mass influx of tourists into towns and cities (Davidson, 1993, p. 137). Many popular rural sites such as National parks are at risk from the number of visitors they receive. Over 100 million visitors visit the UK’s National Parks each year (Holloway, 2002). Vegetation also suffers in area of high tourist intensity as constant trampling and crushing by feet and car wheels can lead to erosion and to disappearance of fragile species.Many footpaths in Britain are being widened to such an extent that the surrounding areas are suffering serious erosion (Davidson, 1993, p. 133). In conclusion, there is clear evidence that host communities perceive both costs and benefits (Nickerson & Jennings, 2006, p. 195) and it is commonly observed that the environmental and social impacts are less desirable (Jafari, 2003, p. 297). Measurements of the various types of impacts of tourism are undertaken using very different methods and indicators (Jafari, 2003).For example, environmentalists may measure the volume of global travel and its impacts (Holloway, 2009), and social impacts may be examined through questionnaire surveys. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to combine the results of such studies to as certain if the benefits exceed the costs (Jafari, 2003, p. 297). Mark Ellingham, founder of Rough Guides, said during one interview in 2007 that: â€Å"It is hard to say the positive impact travelling has can ever outweigh the damage done by simply travelling to the destination.Balancing all the positives and negatives, I’m not convinced there is such a thing as a responsible or ethical holiday†. Bibliography Cooper, C. , Fletcher, J. , Gilbert, D. , Wanhill, S. (1998). Tourism: Principles and Practices. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Davidson, R. (1993). Tourism (2nd Edition). Harlow: Longman Group Limited. Holloway, C. (2002). The Business of Tourism (6th Edition). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Holloway, C. (2009). The Business of Tourism (8th edition). [Electronic version]. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.Jafari, J. (2003). Encyclopedia of tourism. [Electronic Version]. Oxon: Routledge Mason, P. (2003). Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management. Oxford: Bu tterworth-Heinemann. Negative Socio-Cultural Impacts from Tourism (n. d. ). Retrieved December 8, 2010, from UNEP website: http://www. unep. fr/scp/tourism/sustain/impacts/sociocultural/negative. htm Nickerson, N. , Jennings, G. (2006). Quality tourism experiences. [Electronic version]. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Page, S. , (2003). Tourism Management: managing for a change. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.Pedro, A. (n. d. ). Urbanization and second-home tourism. Retrieved December, 8, 2010, from: http://www. download-it. org/free_files/filePages%20from%2010%20Urbanization%20and%20second-home%20tourism. pdf Socio-cultural impacts. (n. d. ). Retrieved 6 December, 2010, from Sustainable Tourism website: http://www. coastlearn. org/tourism/why_socioimpacts. html The Social & Cultural Impacts of Tourism. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 6, 2010, from: http://www. gawler. sa. gov. au/webdata/resources/files/5_Gawler_Impacts_Tourism. PDF

Law question Essay

Ali had an antique motorbike which he decided to sell. He parked the motorbike on his front lawn with a sign † For sale- RM20,000†³. Ah Chong, who saw the sign, said to Ali that he would be prepared to buy the motorbike for RM15,000. Ali replied that the price is too low and suggested RM18,000. Ah Chong responded by asking if Ali would be prepared to accept payment of the RM18,000 in three monthly instalments of RM6,000 each. Ali replied that he would not. Ali then added,† Anyway I am no longer interested in selling the motorbike to you. † At that precise moment Ali spoke these words, a helicopter flew low overhead and drowned out his words. Ali did not bother to repeat what he had just said and was leaving when Ah Chong quickly agreed to the RM18,000 suggested earlier by Ali. Discuss whether there is a contract between Ali and Ah Chong. Explain whether your answer would be different if the helicopter flying overhead had not drowned out Ali’s words and Ah Chong heard what was said? Assignment Answer In this assignment, I would like to discuss the question above part by part. First of all, from the sentence ,† He parked the motorbike on his front lawn with a sign † For sale- RM20,000†³,† it is said that there was an invitation to trade. Invitation to treat or simply speaking information to bargain means a person inviting others to make an offer in order to create a binding contract. An example of invitation to treat is found in window shop displays and product advertisement. . In another words it is a special expression showing a person’s willingness to negotiate. The issue of invitation to treat was discussed in the case of Fisher v Bell[1961] 1 QB 394 by the English Court of Appeal : â€Å"It is perfectly clear that according to the ordinary law of contract the display of an article with a price on it in a shop window is merely an invitation to treat. It is in no sense an offer for sale the acceptance of which constitutes a contract. †[1]. An offer can be seen from the prescribed text, â€Å"Ah Chong, who saw the sign, said to Ali that he would be prepared to buy the motorbike for RM15,000. † It is stated in Section 2(a) Contracts Act 1950,† when one person signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to the act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal. † and Section 2(b) Contracts Act 1950,†when the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted :a proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise. † . Both laws were applied when Ah Chong has shown his willingness to make an offer as he would be â€Å"PREPARED† to buy the motorbike for RM15,000. However, a counter offer was made by Ali when instead of accepting or rejecting Ah Chong’s offer, Ali made another offer:† Ali replied that the price is too low and suggested RM18,000†³. Ali’s offer refers to a counter offer. In this situation unless an acceptance is rendered, there is no binding contract between A and B. This situation is stated in Section 6(c) Contracts Act 1950-† by the failure of the acceptor to fulfill a condition precedent to acceptance†. There was famous case known as [2]Hyde v. Wrench, [1840] EWHC Ch J90 where Wrench (D) offered to sell his estate to Hyde for 1200 pounds and Hyde (P) declined. Wrench then made a final offer to sell the farm for 1000 pounds. Hyde in turn offered to purchase the property for 950 pounds and Wrench replied that he would consider the offer and give an answer within approximately two weeks. Wrench ultimately rejected the offer and the plaintiff immediately replied that he accepted Wrench’s earlier offer to sell the real estate for 1000 pounds. Wrench refused and Hyde sued for breach of contract and sought specific performance, contending that Wench’s offer had not been withdrawn prior to acceptance. The question or issue here is if one party makes an offer and the offeree makes a counteroffer, does the original offer remain open? Answer is No because a counteroffer negates the original offer. By making a counteroffer, the plaintiff rejected the original offer and he was not entitled to revive it. So in another words, the parties did not form a binding contract. Then we proceed to the next part where Ah Chong made a mere enquiry to Ali by asking if Ali would be prepared to accept payment of thr RM18,000 in three monthly instalments of RM6,000 each. Then, Ali replied that he would not. On top of that, Ali added that he is no longer interested in selling the motorbike to Ah Chong. Section 5(1) Contract Acts 1950 – A proposal may be revoked at any time before the communication of its acceptance is complete as against the proposer, but not afterwards. This particular case [3][3]ROUTLEDGE V GRANT (1828) 4 BING 653 is another example of revocation of an offer : Grant wrote to Routledge offering to purchase the lease of his house. The offer was to remain open for six weeks. Grant then changed his mind about purchasing the lease and, within the six weeks, withdrew his offer. After Routledge had received Grant’s letter withdrawing the offer, he wrote back to Grant, within the six weeks, accepting Grant’s offer. The issue before the court was whether Grant could withdraw his offer within the six week period or whether he was bound contractually given that Routledge had accepted the offer within the timescale. The court held the offer could be withdrawn within the six week period without incurring any liability – if one party has six weeks to accept an offer, the other has six weeks to put an end to it. One party cannot be bound without the other. The case and scenario above convey an useful reminder that until such time as an offer is accepted, the offeror is free to revoke it, even if they have given the recipient a period of time to consider it. When Ali spoke :† I am no longer interested in selling the motorbike to you. † a helicopter flew and drowned his words. And yet, Ali did not bother to repeat what he just said and was leaving when Ah Chong quickly agreed to the RM18,000 suggested earlier by Ali. In this particular moment, Ali rejected Ah Chong’s offer but according to Section 6(a) Contracts Act 1950-† by the communication of notice of revocation by the proposer to the other party†. It states that revocation os not effective until it is received, communicated. In fact, Ali himself reluctant to repeat what he said which is very important and vital in that situation. Here is one similar case, [4]Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) LR 5 CPD 344. In this case, Van Tienhoven offered to sell goods to Byrne by letter dated 1 October. On 8 October, prior to acceptance, Van Tienhoven posted a letter revoking the offer. This letter was received by Byrne on 20 October. In the meantime, on 11 October Byrne received the letter and dispatched an acceptance. Was there a contract? To be effective revocation must be communicated. Where post is used for acceptance, acceptance occurs when and where sent. However, this rule does not apply in relation to revocation of offers – thus, if post is used for revocation, communication is only effective if and when it is received by the offeree. As this occurred after acceptance there was a contract formed in this case. An offer was containing a price escalation clause. A counter offer was then made without this clause; it contained a detachable receipt which the company sent back with a notation that they assumed it was on their terms. Thus, the intended message was failed to be received by Ah Chong, the offer has not been revocated. There is a contract between Ali and Ah Chong in this scenario. Section 6(a) Contracts Act 1950 obviously stated revocation must be actually communicated to the offeree before the offer can be treated as effectively revoked. Besides, Section 4(1) Contracts Act 1950-† The communication of a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made†. Importance of conveying message has been shown when either offering or revocating an offer. On the other hand, if the helicopter flying overhead had not drowned out Ali’s words and Ah Chong heard what was said, outcomes definitely would be different. As was mentioned earlier, if the intended message was communicated or received by Ah Chong, revocation of the offer will succeed. In conclusion, communication is very crucial when conducting contracts or offerings as the outcomes and consequences can differ easily.

A Raisin in the Sun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A Raisin in the Sun - Essay Example Mr. Younger (Big Walter) and Mrs. Lena Younger had once dreamed of home ownership as she reveals to Ruth in Act I, scene 1: â€Å"We was goin’ to set away little by little and buy a little place out in Morgan Park. Had even picked out the house †¦ you should know all the dreams I had about buyin’ that house and fixin’ it up; makin’ me a little garden in the back †¦ And didn’t none of it never happen† (Hansberry 69). Lena and her husband soon discovered that there wasn’t anything left over each week to save. That Lena and Big Walter struggled their entire lives to provide shelter for their children and could never manage anything greater than the small two bedroom apartment that they â€Å"wasn’t planning on living here no more than a year† (Hansberry 44) indicates the struggle they had just to survive. Their inability to attain the house of their dreams was not the result of a lack of effort but instead the resu lt of a lack of opportunity. To buy the house now would simply ensure the family remains slaves to the house. Lena’s daughter, Beneatha, feels the money should be spent on her medical education. As a doctor, she is assured to make enough money to support the rest of the family while they seek their dreams. However, the medical profession was not an accepted occupation for a woman so Beneatha’s success was not guaranteed and the money would be wasted if she fails. Beneatha feels bounded by poverty and her gender as expressed to Joseph Asagai in Act I, scene 2. She tells him â€Å"Go ahead and laugh – but I’m not interested in being someone’s little episode in America† (Hansberry 92). Not only race but gender serves to bind her into a cultural definition she constantly struggles against. Walter, Lena’s son, feels the best way for him to help the family succeed is to go into business for himself as only entrepreneurs make any money. This is

Current event analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Current event analysis - Essay Example The article argues that the study is highly significant as the prevalence of alcoholism and depression is frequently interrelated, and no substantial treatments have yet been designed to specifically address this diagnosis. The study was conducted by Helen Pettinati Ph.D. and her associates at the University of Pennsylvania. In addition to receiving the medical treatments, the patients underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy. Over a fourteen week period, one-hundred seventy people were tested, using four treatment groups. All four treatment groups demonstrated improvements. While all four groups demonstrated improvements, the group that received the combined treatment demonstrated the highest rate of abstinence and also had the longest intervals in between drinking. The difference in intervals was extreme, with the average interval for patients with the combined drug 61 days; while the other groups combined was 15 days. While the article states that the combined treatment was most effective in reducing adverse side effects (namely hospitalization for rehabilitation), it neglects to mention if there were new side effects from the combination of the drugs. It also doesn’t neglect if research is looking into a hybrid drug that would function to treat alcoholism and depression

Malcolm X's life in the Nation of Islam and his Life after his Research Paper

Malcolm X's life in the Nation of Islam and his Life after his Pilgrimage to Mecca - Research Paper Example They would face large scale unemployment; lose the unskilled jobs and other avenues of income. There was also another school of thought that propagated racial hatred based on a completely different agenda. The period of the erstwhile 1950’s was notorious for the growth of the Neo-Nazi groups, groups proclaiming racial superiority, the rise of the Klux klux clan among others. They did a very good job of instilling the feeling of racial hatred and abomination in the minds of the average American. The sum total of this was that the divide between the blacks and the whites reached levels of extreme bitterness. Majority of the black population believed that the laws were loaded completely against them and favored the agenda of the whites. INTRODUCTION- Malcolm X was an adapted name of Malcolm Little. He was born in the year 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. He was the forth child of a total of seven children. His father was an activist for the pan African Movement and also the area leader for an Indigenous organization called as the Universal Negro Improvement Association. His father taught him the values of black rights, the issue of self determination and the tenets of self reliance. He was also greatly influenced by Marcus Garvey. He grew up in an atmosphere of great friction. There were a lot white local groups who were against the black people and would cause a lot of troubles to the family including threats. One of the younger brothers of Malcolm X was lynched and killed violently by the members of a white supremacist group (Klux Klux clan). These early incidents shaped the mind of young Malcolm who would later grow up to hate the whites (Karim, 1971). Ultimately, the family had to shift to Milwaukee after repeated threats from the clan and later to Lansing, Michigan. In the year 1939, Earl Little (Father of Malcolm X) was killed in a road rage accident. Although the accident was supposed because of a careless driver, however, the reason for the killing was att ributed to the various white supremacy groups (Karim, 1971). The thought process also gained momentum because a few days back, their house was also burned down by the same people. The family was further peeved at the fact that the money that they were supposed to get out of the life insurance was also not properly given to them. Malcolm’s father had two life insurance policies. However at the time of his death, the insurance of the higher denomination was denied to them on the count that his father had committed suicide, this pushed the family into a great amount of financial trouble and affected the mind of young Malcolm greatly (Breitman, 1971). Thereafter, Louise (Malcolm’s mother) suffered a nervous breakdown and was declared a mentally insane, this divided the complete family and the siblings were sent to various foster homes. Malcolm X moved to Boston where he lived for a while. The formative early years Malcolm X was one of the best students in the junior high a nd wanted to become a lawyer by profession. But even in his school, he faced a great deal of racial segregation, in Boston; he lived in an area called as Roxbury, which was predominantly an African American area of the neighborhood (Haley, 1999). He used to occasionally find

THEORY OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND POLICY Assignment

THEORY OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND POLICY - Assignment Example Means by which managers can accomplish their malign interest is through compensation plan, perks, bonuses, travelling on corporate expenditure and scamming against the corporation. Introduction to Balance Sheet Approach: In order to check the quality of earnings two approaches are predominantly used, one of these approaches in balance-sheet approach. The aim of this approach is to assess the true magnitude of accruals because it is these accruals which lead to manipulative earnings (Aghion, Bacchetta, and Banerjee, 2004). Thus it is of utmost importance to locate them and rectify the manipulative action to see the true picture of the organization. As a general rule the higher the total accruals are as compared to percentage of assets, the greater the likelihood that earnings quality is low. Remember that accruals can be either a reflection of earnings manipulation or just normal accounting estimations based on future business expectations. It is difficult to determine which one is dr iving the accruals, but there is evidence that the size of accruals can be used as a rough measure for earnings manipulation (Mulder, Perrelli, and Rocha, 2012). Following are the series of formulas that are used to find the real values of accruals (Pasiouras, 2008): 1. Total Net Accruals = Accrual Earnings - Cash Earnings But the balance sheet doesn't directly tell us what accrual earnings were in the period, so further calculations are required to retrieve this information.   2. End Equity = Start Equity + Accrual Earnings - Cash Dividends - Stock Repurchases + Equity Issuances 3. Accrual Earnings =  ? Owners' Equity + Cash Dividends + Stock Repurchases - Equity Issuance = ? Owners' Equity + Net Cash Distributions to Equity 4. Accrual Earnings = ? Assets – ? Liabilities + Net Cash Distributions to Equity 5. Cash Earnings = ? Cash + Cash Dividends + Stock Repurchases - Equity Issuance = ? Cash + Net Cash Distributions to Equity 6. Total Net Accruals = Accrual Earnings - Cash Earnings = [? Assets – ? Liabilities + Net Cash Dist. to Equity] - [? Cash + Net Cash Dist. to Equity] 7. Total Net Accruals = ? Assets- ? Liabilities – ? Cash Reasons for the World Recession: Suppressing Demand of the World Market, leading to declining industrial growth and output, which further results in a negative mood spreading amongst the investors and a negative posture taken up by the overall economy (Torna and DeYoung, 2012). In the United States a housing bubble was being propelled by speculative behaviour. This speculative behaviour was fuelling the U.S economy. Federal Reserve’s irresponsible action to lower the interest rates encouraged a large inflow of foreign funds. This availability led to the creation of easy credit for borrowers, who started taking hefty home loans. As the demand for home loans soared this created an artificial demand in the housing market and an artificial price hike in the housing market. Since there was ample amount of money available in the economy the mortgage lenders started lending at an exponential rate and simultaneously lowered their lending standards. Such conditions helped individuals with poor credit history and those who made the NINJA category (No Income, No Job, No Assets), receive hefty amount of loan from the loan agencies for whatever purpose they see fit (Broeck and Guscina, 2011). Since the property market was on a role and was flushed with money, leading to

Hummingbird Effect Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hummingbird Effect Paper - Essay Example However, majority of these innovations possesses what is known as the causality effect where the results are virtually unknown. Each of the activities is connected and it is just important that we are able to predict the outcomes and create measures to prevent destruction. The Hummingbird effect is the kind of effect that is felt in relation to recent technological innovation that has been said to cause a positive change on one of the areas while a great negative effect is likely to take place in a completely different area. In this case, it refers to the sense that the innovations that are done in one field are likely to have unintended impacts on another. It is different from the butterfly effect in the sense that it is random and unpredictable. Therefore, it refers to the fact that one technological innovation can lead to the development of a chain of many others in different sectors. The adjacent possibilities take place in the form of finding solutions from the initial innovations when you are not looking for one. For instance, with the advent of the use of computers and the internet, people have been able to communicate in a faster and better way. However, there is also the issue of privacy, security and internet theft among other components (Jo hnson, 2014). In order to experience the best effects of the hummingbird effect, there are a number of technological factors and infrastructure that are required to enable its commercialization. Some of these include security software that will prevent the access of the privacy information of individuals in different sites (Johnson, 2014). It will also include training of the relevant personnel on security issues. In addition, the use of spyware will enable the entrepreneurs to make the predictions at the right time. In case, the hummingbird effects set in before time, they are likely to knock them over and affect the operations of different activities. The realization of the effects too late also leads to the

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultural Anthropology - Essay Example His definition offers a complete overview of the subject matter of anthropology and is widely quoted by many. This essay now defines culture and its characteristics. People in cultures mostly have the same human cultural traits (O'Neil, p. 5). However, many human beings have different ways of expressing these traits that result from varying cultures and traditions. This essay used to compare the classification of two lifestyle patterns in North American Indian regions': the culture of foragers and the culture of horticulturalists to discuss and analyze the similarities and differences of both cultures in relation to their way of food production, way of living and the like. In his book Primitive Culture, Edward Tylor defined culture as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society" (Kottak 62; Scupin 43). He emphasized on the last phrase "acquired by man as a member of society" for he believed that culture is not only acquired through biological inheritance but living and being part of a society as well for they are more exposed to cultural tradition. His definition also suggests that culture includes all aspects of human activity-tools, weapons, fire, agriculture, animal domestication, metallurgy, writing, airplanes, computers, penicillin, nuclear power, rock-and-roll, video games, designer jeans, religion, political systems, science, sports, and social organizations. It involves every activity from the fine arts, popular entertainment, development of new technology and even everyday behaviour. The process by which a person learns his or her culture is called enculturation (Kottak 62). An individual acquires any cultural tradition because of the capacity of a human being to learn. Though animals learn from experience or from other members of their group, the cultural learning only develops within the human capacity to create symbols or signs. Cultural learning signifies that people have the ability to create, remember, and deal with ideas. According to Kottak, culture is learned ("Cultural Anthropology" 63). People begin to internalize an established group of meanings and symbols that people use to define their world, express their emotions, and create their judgments. This can be done through a process of conscious and unconscious learning and interaction with others. People transmit culture through observation where most children modify their own behaviour in accordance to what their culture entails as right or wrong or bad or good. Culture is proven to be acquired unconsciously because of the cultural tradition that they do automatically without a direct instruction to maintain them. Anthropologists stated that cultural learning is intricate among humans and though humans differ in their emotional and mental abilities, people can still learn their cultural tradition. Culture is also shared for it is a quality not only of individuals but of individuals as members of groups as well (Kottak 63). People who grow up in the same culture have shared their beliefs, values, memories, and

Bit coin in monetary economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bit coin in monetary economics - Essay Example It allows the conversions once held bit coins are automatically stored without the requirement of a bank account (Barski and Wilmer, 31). Consequently, bit coin and other electronic coins reduce storage and business price, as well as it presents another option to control currency danger. Since bit coin floats against any money and it is attached to any nation’s financial system, it is by meaning affronted from the result of its fiscal rule and economic measures. Supports might argue that uneven balances to bit coin could guard against dips in money since the bit coin in result does not, does not shift while every other money changes instead. However, bit coin’s worth is unstable, driven by issues in numerous cases exterior to the distinctive supply and command for the money itself. Recently commerce in bit coin has been considerably influenced by news that regulatory organizations perceive the active currency as a refuge for money wash (Barski and Wilmer, 53). The lack of participants in the marketplace is also another important issue. Banks are not engaged in bit coin; therefore a business seeming to transact has inadequate alternatives. Even as a handful of treasury and risk controls portals will deal with practical currencies, the need for a system addition and formal confirmation actions will be vital. The legal activities increase the time and attempt for companies to total their diligence and narrow fulfillment to support these dealings (Barski and Wilmer, 122). Combine with the need for a copied marketplace and the requirement for business to evade projected money poses and the instruments just aren’t there for business to dependently use the bit coin. For business treasury and danger managers, the bit coin is not a considerable option to real market money owing to the need for cash. The quantity of bit coin in survival is little, which apparently makes it hard for

Science and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Science and technology - Essay Example However, even through the years of all the research, the AI project remains a failure (Kassan 1). Despite of this, Hawkins is certain that humans are capable of producing artificial intelligence (qtd. in Kassan 1). Honda, a Japanese mobile company, proved that Hawkins’s statement is rather accurate by creating ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). The robot is said to be the most human-like creation Honda has ever made. By 2005, ASIMO is â€Å"better, stronger, and faster.† ASIMO â€Å"can do things like turn on light switches, open doors, carry objects, and push carts† (Orbinger and Strickland). Robots pretty much do the things that humans cannot do or simply do not want to do. This is a good deal for people who are too busy to do the chores at home or for someone who does not want additional burden when he comes from work. Yet, the question still remains: â€Å"Do we really need robots to do all these things?† In a brighter perspective, robots ca n do things more efficiently, â€Å"and without the continuous cost and social upheaval† (â€Å"Ethical Issues†). Is this not an insult to the capacity of humans to these jobs? It seems like the term â€Å"more efficiently† degrades the value of human work. Robotics, though a proof of humans’ intelligence, should not be taken as â€Å"slave machines† and made them do all the humans are capable of doing because first, it will affect human resources and job displacements, it would alter the natural, and it would forcibly pass through human limitation and eventually leading to the realization of the concept of â€Å"Singularity.† Necessity is the mother of invention; the seed of all production, or is it? The concept of necessity seems to have changed through the course of dynamic technological revolution. In the different kinds of industry, cutting the production costs without risking quality

Have North Americans Stopped Caring Essay Example for Free

Have North Americans Stopped Caring Essay In Chapter 7 of Interest-Group Participation in American Democracy, an online source, an interest group is defined as an â€Å"organization or association of people with common interests that engages in politics on behalf of its members† (190). Since people cannot directly participate in governance, they associate themselves with groups that aim to change the political landscape. According to the same source, the rights of individuals to form such groups are protected by the Constitution (213). In spite of this, there seems to be a decline in participation of these groups. This paper aims to explain why. One of the factors that caused the said decline may be attributed to the dominance of the elite in political campaigns. In the past, citizens who share a common goal volunteered their time and energy to these endeavors. Today, campaigns require mammoth financial backing up to fund campaign activities opening doors for big corporations and the wealthy to make hefty contributions. The bottom line in the political industry is this: financial capital the wherewithal for mass marketing has steadily replaced social capital that is, grassroots citizen networks as the coin of the realm. † (Putnam, 39 40) An increase in cynicism is another cause for the decline in participation. According to Morris P. Firiona, people feel that only the â€Å"extreme voices† are heard leaving the â€Å"moderate middle† a couple of steps behind (395-425). Firiona also asserts that the transparency in the workings of the government showed people how messy policy making can get (Firiona, 395-425). However, it is important to note that the disillusionment is not completely depleting participation. Interest-Group Participation in American Democracy argues that the advancements in technology allow individuals to get involved without needing to go out to the streets to proclaim what they believe is right (204). With just a few clicks on the internet, current events unfold before the readers eyes. Discussion and blog sites are avenues which people take to express their thoughts and sentiments. These non-traditional means of participation are more convenient and less energy-consuming. These are popular especially among the youth who, according to Warren E. Miller and J. Merrill Shanks, have grown apathetic compared to previous generations (69). The dominance of certain groups such as the elite and the extremists, the increase in distrust in the government, and the waning of youth involvement are only some of the reasons why there is a decline in participation. This does not mean that citizens have stopped caring. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, non-traditional means of contribution is gaining momentum in this modern age.

Physicological Characterization of M.VITRJS5

Physicological Characterization of M.VITRJS5 Monica Samal, Teena Patra, Suthindhiran K Abstract Magnetospirillium sp. is a Gram – negative ÃŽ ±-proteobacterium which has the ability to move towards the geomagnetic field lines of Earth’s magnetic field. The group of bacteria is collectively called Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). MTB produce intracellular organelles called magnetosomes which help them in its search for optimal living conditions in complex environment. MTB is a gradient – requiring microorganism that are difficult to replicate in growth medium in the laboratory. In this work the physiological characterization of MTB strain Magnetospirillium sp. VITRJS5 was done as well as a modified growth medium for the growth of Magnetospirillium sp. VITRJS5 was developed. The media components are studied based on the physiological characteristics of the bacteria. The role of electron donors, electron acceptors, nitrogen sources, carbon sources, iron containing compounds, phosphates, reducing agents, on the growth of the bacteria in the MS1 media was studied. The growth of the bacteria in the novel modified MS media was analysed and compared with commercial MTB media such as MSGM (Magnetospirillum growth media) and Schuler’s oxygen – sulphur gradient media. An increase in growth is observed in the modified MS media compared to the commercially available media. 1. INTRODUCTION: Magnetotactic bacteria are fastidious microorganisms that represent a morphologically and physiologically diverse group of bacteria. The presence of intracellular, membrane bound nano-sized magnetic particles called magnetosomes assists the bacteria in sustaining an optimal position in redox gradient habitats. Magnetosomes are crystals of iron mineral which consist of either iron oxide (Fe3O4) or iron sulphide (Fe3S4). A combination of aerotaxis, magnetotaxis and chemotaxis helps MTB to move away from oxygen in surface water, thus directing them in maintaining an optimal position in and around the oxic-anoxic interface (OAI). Magnetospirillum sp. is the most studied and well understood group of bacteria among MTB. Magnetospirillum sp. was mostly isolated from fresh water habitats and many pure cultures were available in many laboratories around the world. Magnetotactic Bacteria (MTB) species have characteristic organelles called magnetosomes that contain magnetic crystals. These magnetosomes give them the ability to move in response to the earth’s magnetic field (magnetotaxis). MTB were first observed by Salvatore Bellini in the year 1963 and collected from different freshwater environments near Pavia, Italy [1,2]. The most studied species of Magnetospirillum genus are species of Ms. gryphiswaldense [5], Ms. Magneticum[7], Ms. magnetotacticum [8]. The MTB strains isolated from marine or brackish environments include: the coccoid strains: MO-1[9] , Magnetococcus marinus strain MC-1[10] and Magnetofaba australis (IT-1)[11] ; the vibrioid strain: Magnetovibrio blakemorei strain MV-1[12] and the spirilla Magnetospira thiophila (MMS-1)[13] and Magnetospira sp. strain QH-2[14] ; all of which belong to the Alphaproteobacteria. Most magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are known to be phylogenetically similar to the Alphaproteobacteria, Gammap roteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria classes of the Proteobacteria and the Nitrospirae phylum with response to magnetosome formation[6]. Magnetotactic bacteria are known to thrive in sediments or chemically stratified water columns, where they occur mostly at the oxic-anoxic interface (OAI), the anoxic regions of the habitat, or both [3]. Although the detection of these in samples is relatively simple [4], magnetotactic bacteria are a fastidious group of prokaryotes, and special culture conditions are necessary for their isolation and cultivation. There is clear evidence that the availability and diversity of MTB in different environments is majorly influenced by salinity and also, iron availability, temperature and concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen compounds are also seen to be clearly important in the distribution of MTB. The respiratory forms of metabolism of genus Magnetospirillum are either chemoorganoheterotropic, using organic acids and carbon source or electron donors. Mostly Magnetospirillum sp. capable of autotrophic and mixotrophic growth and utilize nitrate as alternative terminal oxygen acceptor. Magn etospirillum are obligate microaerophile that requires oxygen even when nitrate is present in the medium. The present study,examined the phylogenetic affiliations and physiological characteristics of Magnetospirillium sp. VITRJS5. To characterize physiological parameters, microaerophillic batch experiments were performed to determine the following: (1) growth pH and temperature ranges, (2) Optimum electronic donor/carbon source and electron acceptor. (3) optimum nitrogen and phosphate source (4) optimum Iron source (5) optimum reducing agent/ sulphur source. Once the preliminary screening of the compounds over different concentrations of the nutritional requirements is determined to develop a modified growth media. 2. Methods and materials: 2.1. Media and microorganism Magnetospirillum VITRJS5 (Accession number: KM289194) is a novel MTB isolated from the fresh water sediment. They are spiral in shape and move towards the earth’s magnetic field. They have polar flagellum at each end of the cell. The strain was obtained from Marine biotechnology and biomedicine lab, VIT University. The bacteria were sub-cultured in Magnetospirillum growth media (MSGM) under microaerophillic conditions Magnetospirillum VITRJS5 was initially grown in previously standardized minimal media MS1 to analyse the growth conditions in the presence of electron donors and acceptors. MS1 media per litre containing K2HPO4 – 850mg, Na2HPO4 – 850mg, NH4H2PO4 – 500mg, MgSO4 – 100mg, FeSO4 7H2O – 5mg, Na2MoO4 – 0.2mg, EDTA – 10mg and Mineral solution 10ml Electron donor and acceptor has to be added accordingly. From the earlier studies, the optimum temperature and pH for the growth of Magnetospirillum is 28 °C and 7.5 pH. 2.2 Determination of electron acceptors and concentration of selected acceptor: For this, 50 ml of MS-1 media was added in five serum bottles and 50 mg of electron donor which in this case is sodium acetate (CH3COONa) was added to each bottle. Then 50 mg of five different acceptors were added in different bottles. These five acceptors are nitrite, selenite, nitrate, thiosulphate and sulphate. Nitrogen was sparged to the media to make it anaerobic, closed with butyl rubber stopper and sealed with aluminium caps. All the anaerobic culturing was performed according to Hungate 1950[15]. The Magnetospirillum VITRJS5 was inoculated to MS1 media. These bottles were kept for overnight incubation in a shaker incubator. Now the different concentrations of selected acceptor is determined .It is done for concentration of 5mM, 10 mM , 15mM, 20 mM and 30 mM . Steps for anaerobic culture was repeated. The absorbance is checked in UV-VIS spectrophotometer at wavelength of 595 nm. 2.3. Determination of electron donors and concentration of selected donor: For this, 50 ml of MS-1 media was added in five serum bottles and 50 mg of electron acceptor which in this case is nitrate was added to each bottle. Then different donors were added in different bottles. These donors are methanol (250  µl), ethanol( 50 µl), glycerol (50 µl), pyruvate (82.5 mg/ 15mM) , citrate (221 mg/ 15mM),succinate (202.6 mg/15mM), lactate(110 µl/15mM), glucose (135.12 mg/15mM), sucrose (256.9 mg/15mM), Ferrous chloride (121.65 mg/15mM)and thiosulphate (186.1 mg/15mM).Nitrogen gas was bubbled into each bottle for anaerobic condition and sample VITRJS5 strain was inoculated in each bottle. These bottles were kept for overnight incubation in a shaker incubator. Narrowing down the number of donors based on the growth of sample. Different concentrations of selected donor are determined. Selected donors are added in different concentration of 5mM, 10mM, 15mM, 20mM and 30 mM. The steps for anaerobic culture are repeated. The absorbance is checked in UV-VIS spectr ophotometer at 595 nm. 2.4. Determination of nitrogen source for optimum growth: MS-1 Media was prepared without nitrogen source (MS-1 media without NH4H2PO4 ) and with the selected concentration of electron donor and acceptor. For this, activity of NH4H2PO4 was checked in different concentrations (5mM, 10mM, 15mM, 20mM and 30 mM) against different concentrations of NH4Cl(5mM, 10mM, 15mM, 20mM and 30 mM).The above described procedure of anaerobic growth was repeated. The absorbance was checked at a wavelength of 595 nm. 2. 5. Determination of reducing for optimum growth: MS-1 media with selected concentration of donor and acceptor was prepared. For this, activity of thiol glycolate was checked in different concentrations of 5mM, 10mM, 15mM, 20mM and 30 mM against cysteine-HCl 4% at concentrations of 50  µl , 100  µl, 150  µl, 200  µl and 500  µl. The procedure for anaerobic culture growth was repeated. The absorbance was checked at 595 nm. 2.6. Determination of iron source for optimum growth MS-1 media with selected concentration of donor and acceptor and without FeSO4 . 7H2O was prepared. For this, activity of ferrous sulphate was checked in different concentrations of 5mM, 10mM and 15mM against ferric citrate at concentrations of 0.5mM, 1.0mM and 1.5mM and against ferric quinate at concentrations of 0.5mM, 1.0mM and 1.5mM. The procedure for anaerobic culture growth was repeated. The absorbance was checked at 595 nm. 3. Result: 3.1 Electron acceptor and its concentration for optimum growth: On incubating the strain M.VITRJS5 in the MS1 media with the various electron acceptors, we obtained various results as seen in table1. From the table, we find that Nitrite, Nitrate and Selenite good electron acceptors for the strain. But we negate the role of Nitrite and Selenite as in nitrite, growth is observed after 2 weeks and selenite is considered toxic. Thus, Nitrate is considered as the most probable electron donor. Next, different concentrations of Nitrate are added to MS1 media to see which concentration of nitrate supports maximum growth (as seen in Table 2 and fig.1) Table 1. Tabular representation of growth with various electron acceptor. Table 2. Tabular representation of absorbance of different concentration of nitrate Fig.1 Graphical representation of the growth with different concentration of nitrate From the above table and fig.1, it is seen that 5mM of nitrate shows maximum growth on all three days. Thus, there is optimum growth seen in 5mM serum bottle. 3.2. Electron donor and its concentration for optimum growth On incubating the strain M.VITRJS5 in the MS1 media with the various electron  donors, we obtained various results as seen in table1.From the table 3, it is seen that growth of M.VITRJS5 is more pronounced with electron donors Ethanol, Glycerol, Pyruvate, Succinate, Lactate, Glucose and Sucrose along with Acetate which was already being used as an electron donor for other MTBs. Among these, Pyruvate, Sucrose and Acetate showed almost double the growth as seen in other electron donors. But we negate Sucrose as an electron donor as it is not economical. Later, different concentrations of Nitrate are added to MS1 media to see which concentration of nitrate supports maximum growth (as seen in Table 2 and fig.1) Table3. Representation of growth with various donors Table 4. Tabular Representation of absorbance of growth with different concentrations of pyruvate Fig 2. Graphical representation of absorbance of growth with different concentrations of pyruvate As seen in the above two graphs and tables, 30mM concentration of pyruvate shows highest growth in comparison with the other concentrations of acetate and pyruvate. 3. Nitrogen source and its concentration for optimum growth: The next step is incubation of M.VITRJS5 strain in MS-1 media(without NH4H2PO4) with Ammonium chloride and Ammonium hydrogen phosphate to determine the better nitrogen source. Fig 4. Graphical representation of absorbance of growth with different concentrations of NH4H2PO4 As seen in figure 4, 5 and tables 6,7, it is observed that the best growth is seen in bottles of Ammonium hydrogen phosphate(NH4H2PO4) rather than that of Ammonium chloride(NH4Cl). The most consistence growth is seen in 20 mM concentration of NH4H2PO4 as compared with other concentrations. 3.4. Carbon source: Since it has already been confirmed that pyruvate acts as the best electron donor, the same can act as a carbon source. 3.5. Phosphorus source: Ammonium hydrogen phosphate acts both as a nitrogen source as well as phosphorys source. 3.6. Sulphur source: Next the M.VITRJS5 strain was incubated in prepared MS-1 media with Sodium thioglycolate and cysteine HCl 4% to determine the better sulphur source. Fig 6. Graphical representation of absorbance of growth with different concentrations of Sodium thioglycolate As seen in fig 6,7 and table 8,9, 50 µl concentration of Cys –HCl shows highest growth as compared to the other concentrations. There was no growth in other concentrations due to the reducing properties of Cysteine HCl and Sodium thioglycolate. MTBs are microaerophilic and hence, would not grow in anaerobic condition. Sulphur is a reducing agent and hence, would remove oxygen species from the media. Therefore, there is less or minimal growth of the bacteria. 3.7 Iron source : Table 10. Tabular representation of absorbance of growth with different concentrations of Ferric citrate Fig 8. Graphical representation of absorbance of growth with different concentrations of Ferric citrate Table 11. Tabular representation of absorbance of growth with different concentrations of quinate Fig 9. Graphical representation of absorbance of growth with different concentrations of Ferric quinate 3.8 Comparison of new media with existing media: 4. Discussion: As already mentioned above, Magnetotactic bacteria (MTBs) are microaerophilic bacteria which have the ability to biomineralise membrane-encased, single-magnetic-domain mineral crystals (magnetosomes) and hence, cause the cell to orientate along the Earth’s geomagnetic field. These mostly occur in aquatic bodies ranging from saline to freshwater environment. Our basic objective in this study was to test the growth of the microaerophilic strain using different concentrations of electron donor, electron acceptor, nitrogen source, carbon source, phosphorus source, sulphur source, iron source, etc. From the study, the following observations have been noted down: The strain M.VITRJS5 was seen to grow well in 5mM concentration of Nitrate (electron acceptor), 30mM concentration of Pyruvate (electron donor and carbon source) and 20mM concentration of Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (nitrogen source and phosphorus source). Also, the growth of the strain was seen to be minimalized in case of Sodium thioglycolate and Cysteine HCl as these are strong reducing agents and thus, would reduce the amount of oxygen species in the media. As mentioned above, these bacteria are microaerophilic and hence, would not grow in sulphur sources (except in 15mM Sodium Thioglycolate and 50 µl Cysteine HCl). The comparison of the present media for Magnetospirillum growth media (MSGM) Schà ¼ler Magnetospirillum isolation media and the new prepared media was done. The new media contained sodium nitrate as acceptor, sodium pyruvate as electron donor and carbon source, ammonium hydrogen phosphate as nitrogen and phosphorus source, ferric citrate as iron source and cysteine HCl as sulphur source. Magnetotactic bacteria has the ability to produce magnetosomes which has stimulated and motivated a new field of research involving scientific and biomedical applications of MTB and diverse commercial which could be improved using magnetic nanocrystals. But the main drawbacks to the application of magnetosomes involves the fastidious nature of MTB related to the growth. Thus,it is difficult to culture them on a large scale, and it is important to understand genetic/environmental control for magnetosome synthesis.

Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching Educatio

Teaching Philosophy Statement Dewey defined education as the reconstruction and reorganization of experiences, which increases one’s ability to direct the course of subsequent experiences and these experiences can be both active and passive. However, according to Lindemand, the education experience is, first of all doing something; second, doing something which makes a difference; and third, knowing what difference it makes. While on the other hand Maxine Green said, â€Å"to do educational philosophy is to become critically conscious of what is involved in the complex business of teaching and learning. As an individual who is anticipating becoming an educator in today’s complex teaching field, my philosophy is one that will reflect a blending of the educational foundations in which the concept of education was first introduced to the populus. From Plato’s idealism that the everyday world of things and objects is merely a fleeting, shadowy copy of the true ideas which the soul carries which encourages students to seek a higher level of thinking (Hamm 1974, 212). Idealism also includes the cultural heritage and wisdom which each student should be encouraged to share by being knowledgeable about it, participating in sharing it and elaborating it through their own contributions in the classroom and in the community. Because all students should be motivated to seek their inner learning potential, they must also realize that rules and regulations are essential in our society if the concept of democracy is to survive and be passed on to each new generation. Personal experiences and scientific methods through empirical, objective, and experiments with precise measurements are a common sense appro... ... learning and teaching then one must be committed to the establishment of national standards for teachers and students. If as a teacher, I am to use the Education Goals as a building foundation, then as a member of the teaching profession, I must at the beginning of my career have a commitment to establish national teaching standards and an accurate way to assess the students. These standards must take into account the wishes, desires, and rules that involve parents, local communities, sate and federal requirements regarding funding resources. These standards must provide for real-time with students, time which allows for a cooperating relationship to develop between teacher and student which will afford a true learning environment that includes appropriate support systems, and a caring friendly attitude to the customer who uses the public school system.

Boy or Girl: Which Gender Baby Would You Pick? :: essays research papers

Boy or Girl: Which Gender Baby Would You Pick? By Bjorn Carey LiveScience Staff Writer posted: 23 March 2005; 6:27am ET When given the opportunity to choose the sex of their baby, women are just as likely to choose pink socks as blue, a new study shows. "Sex selection is a topic that’s almost taboo for physicians to talk about," said Tarun Jain, a reproductive specialist at the University of Illinois, Chicago. "Yet, it’s important to understand patient interest in non-medical sex selection and adequately address the ethical and social implications before the cat is out of the bag. Prior to this study, there has been no data to indicate what the demand might be." Of the 561 women who participated in the study, 229 said they would like to choose the sex of a future child. Among these 229 there was no greater for demand for boys or girls. However, the data showed that women who already had one or more children of one sex would prefer for their next child to be of the opposite sex to create gender balance within the family. Selecting for sex There are two methods of sex selection being used in the United States today. One is sperm separation – the concept being that sperm with an X chromosome (for girls) weigh a little more than sperm with a Y chromosome (for boys). Because of this slight difference, the sperm can be sorted out and prepared for a simple insemination procedure. Sex selection by sperm separation has a success rate of about 90 percent for girls and about 70 percent for boys. The other common method is pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, or PGD, which is a form of in vitro fertilization, where embryos are prepared in a test tube before implantation in a woman’s uterus. Unlike traditional in vitro fertilization, doctors take a few cells from each prepared PGD embryo to determine its sex, and they only implant embryos of the desired sexes. This method has a success rate of nearly 100 percent, but is more expensive and much more physically intrusive for a woman compared to sperm separation, researchers say. Neither method will cause any harm to the developing baby, they say. "In our study, patients were about equal on which procedure they would prefer," Jian told LiveScience. "PGD is tougher, but maybe patients don’t want that slight uncertainty that comes with sperm separation." Banned in UK Sex selection for non-medical reasons is banned in the United Kingdom – a decision that was favored by 80 percent of the population – but there are currently no laws to stop American parents-to-be from employing the technology.

Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr :: MLK Martin Luther King Civil Rights

Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr Martin Luther King, Jr. was born January 15th, 1929, in Atlanta Georgia. His parents are Martin Luther King, Sr.and Alberta Williams King. His father was a prominent member of the blackcommunity in Atlanta and was a Baptist Minister. His family stressed the need of a firm education to lean back on. King attended a local, segregated public school and was dedicated to learn. At the age of 15, King attended Morehouse college and graduated in 1948. King continued his pursuit of knowledge at Croezer Theological Seminary and later graduatedwith honorsonly to further his education by getting a doctoral degree in systematic theology in 1955.During King's education, he learned the importance of public speaking. King was ordained a Baptist minister at the age of 18. King used this to express himself freely and he was able to persuade his Listeners. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. not only spoke with purpose but also with a style unlike any others. He was an inspirational speaker and a motivational leader. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., motivated others with his tremendous speeches and actions. Dr. King used his gift to change the views and beliefs and to lead his people throughout their course of the civil rights movement. Dr. Kings personality had very good characteristics that black Americans needed for a leader. At all times Dr.King clearly state his ideas and thoughts surrounding peace and equality in the United States. Dr. King is known as "One of the world's best known advocates of non-violent social change strategies". His ideals came from African-American religious traditions which were then grown more from his education. This social activist and leader was the result of extensive formal education, strong personal values and ethics. His excellence in leadership can be traced to his character which is shaped by his moral values and personality. Dr. Kings own love,and sense of caring, motivated him to fight for equality which aloud him to become one of the greatest, most influential speakers and writer. When people listened to him, they were easily persuaded and this incouraged them to keep listening and following him. During his time, most Americans believed that African Americans were uneducated and not on the same level as white Americans, so blacks were treated so differently. Dr. King used speeches and letters to prove others they were wrong. Dr. King knew that if he was going to make an impression on his audience he was

Technical Description Sample

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION LOT-1 PCS-01-005351 A parcel of land (Lot-1, Pcs-01-005351, being a portion of Lots-165 and 166, PLS-1110, Alilem Public Land Subd. L. R. C. Rec. No. ___________) situated at Brgy. Poblacion, Mun. of Alilem, Prov. of Ilocos Sur, Island of Luzon. Bounded on the S. along line 1-2 by Guis-it St. (10. 00 m. wide); on the W. along line 2-3 by Lot-167, PLS-1110; on the N. along line 3-4 by Lot-164, PLS-1110 and on the E. along line 4-1 by Lot- 2 of the consolidation and subd. plan. Beginning at a point marked â€Å"1†of Lot-1 on plan, being S. 65?. 02’ E. , 348. 29 m. from BLLM No. 1, PLS-1110, Alilem Public Land Subd. thence N. 7? 42’ W. , 16. 41 m. to point 2; thence N. 10? 27’ E. , 30. 59 m. to point 3; thence S. 69? 49’ E. , 16. 76 m. to point 4; thence S. 10? 42’ W. , 28. 29 m. to point 1; point of beginning, containing an area of FOUR HUNDRED EIGHTY FIVE (485) SQUARE METERS. All points referred to are indicated on the pl an and were marked on the ground with BL cyl. conc. mons. 15Ãâ€"40 cms. except points 1 and 4 which are PS cyl. conc. mon. 15Ãâ€"50 cms. Bearings Grid, date of orig. survey was on April-May, 1983; date of consol. and subd. survey was on October 10, 2010 executed by Engr. Edmund A. Soliven and was approved on August 11, 2011. CERTIFIED CORRECT:

Jack the Ripper

Jack the Ripper Controlled judgement Alan Milne The legal philosophy investigative methods were to shoot d surrender for not capturing Jack the Ripper. To what extent do you contain with this statement? I echo that policing methods were to peck for jack the ripper not being caught beca usage they were firmly influenced by the worldly concern, media and press this shows us that they were shake up and intimidated by them and had to swear them as riots may of broke step to the fore.Although I think they were to goddamned, people could argue that they werent as people believe that they tried ein truththing with what secondary technology they had and other resources they had. The first agreement why I think they were to blame is that they were heavily influenced by media, press and the state-supported this meant that they had to take supernumerary caution when fetching in suspects (e. g. eather apron who was interpreted in by the guard as the unrestricted were after hi m) as it could pull in been taken the wrong way and a human race up rage could occur which would of make life harder for the law, as they were foc exploitation tout ensemble their attention on that which was a toss off of their time, however they did try and tackle these paradoxs by carrying out I. D parades, interviews and approach to door methods except most of these were in hard-hitting as they were held weeks after the murders, and beca engross it was the norm to be wino at the time people would oft forget about the murders appearance, only 65% of people doing I. D parades would remember the soul. Bloody Britain) Another tactic the patrol employ was their own officers dressing up as women or using know prostitutes to act as decoys so they could sop up the killer red extend toed, this may view worked if they carried on using it, but something that was a problem were the views of the murders which were badly lit and Whitechapel was unspoilt of networks of small alleys, lanes, and streets which made it very on the loose(p) for Jack to commit the murder and accord by/ get away passing quickly, the police attempted to solve this problem and sent more police officers out a retell to support this is They followed up every lead, however tenuous, they drafted in extra men who were to remain in Whitechapel on high alert (Crime archive/Val Horsler) this suggests to me that they had an effective method but didnt use it to their advantage as some(prenominal) as they could of d unrivalled e. g. arouse police patrolling but others observing areas on streets corners making it other(prenominal) agreement for them to be blamed another quote is No-one could say that there wasnt enough police patrolling the east closing (The star Newspaper) there may bemuse been a jackpot of officers but the location of the murders and the narrow lanes did not help them in any way as they moreover couldnt cover the whole of Whitechapel.Evidence that the polic e found was a great deal washed away or moved from the discourtesy impression as they thought that it would cause public/social disorder this was a study fault for the police as it could have been the key to overtakeing the killer or it could have helped them in their investigation, a quote to support this is Today the whole crime scene would be cordoned off and the dupe remained there until examined by forensics, whereas in the Whitechapel murders police believed that they should get the body, testify away as it causes social disorder (Definitive Jack Richard Jones Historian) this stresses the bespeak that the police could not have their own finalitys and were very lame as it seems to us that the public controlled them. The police force was very weak as they didnt use methods that had great potential to their advantages. Another reason is because people that they asked to examine the body doctors / surgeons they were braggart(a) the police unlike information. Police had conflicting information from coroners and doctors (Jack the ripper) this made it extremely severe for the police to progress as they didnt have accurate information from one person, also technology was very sad so they couldnt have a concrete way or decision of how one of the women died.Another reason why they were weak is because a lot of immigrants lived in capital of the United Kingdom but didnt speak side of meat so police had more stuff on finding the killer but couldnt get further as they couldnt co-operate with anyone, on the other hand if they did have an interpreter not much co-operation would of occurred anyway as people were often drunk, violent and the public didnt unfeignedly like the police anyway so door to door and interviewing methods were poor as they didnt co-operate. When the police had the chance of using blood hounds they should of kept using them as they were effective proven by the police today, but the public and media pressure swayed them to not use th em as it was seen to be soft-witted and dangerous if the dogs were to attack an innocent person.Dogs in the police force were not used for another 70 years, this could have helped them catch Jack or lead them to clues. If the police had access to fingerprinting and blood exam I think that jack would have been caught and the police would have had a break out reputation from the public and media. In last I think that the police were to blame because they couldnt think for themselves and didnt cartel their own ideas and let the public, media and the press control their actions. Also if they didnt move evidence from the crime scenes or bodies then I think that they could have caught Jack and if they would have trusted the dogs it could have helped them a lot more.

Difference Between Management Skills and Entrepreneurship Essay

What do you remember is the difference between oversight skills and entrepreneurship?. How do they land to the economic success of a business? forethought skills is about making an existing business fly the coop effectively and efficiently, organizing and coordinating the activities according to certain policies and achieving understandably defined objectives (i. e. vision, mission). Usually, the foundation of the business has been laid and established.It involves planning, controlling, hint and directing and the managers ar usually focused on managing and growing the business Entrepreneurship is someone who transforms innovation into a business process especially for market which never exists, often associated with uncertainties. An entrepreneur bequeath look for changes, do to it and seize it as an opportunity. The next step is to fill a team, locate resources, raise the needed big(p) and start the new business idea.An entrepreneur is pliant in adapting to the rapid ch anging to the market conditions and ideas which are important factors in developing strategies for a friendships growth. The economy has become more hawkish and more demanding, thus the pressure of having the best management skills and entrepreneurship skills are becoming more important. Management skills will ensure that an established organization is managed effectively and efficiently towards achieving clearly defined objectives.

You Get Stronger While Facing Difficulties

Our beau monde is systematic eachy changing. contrasting generations of hide may leave several(predicate) kinds of liveness story. Since my let and I grew in antithetic milieus, we may build varied machinate of values. I prevail had audience with my fuss who grew up in an surroundings which is assorted from mine, and I erect that our personalised account statement, reason of ethnic and br differently history ar actu e very(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) last(predicate)y different. Although she grew up in a comparatively light purlieu, she lock up succeeds collectible to her secure work. My b obliterate was innate(p) in Hong Kong. She has both br opposites and both sisters. At the prison term when she was a child, Hong Kong was non a loaded city.The volume of deal were s stinkpott(p). In my grows family, since in that respect ar louvre children, they did non stimulate adequate income to nonice their fails. In this case, my vex unavoidable to pay a temporary military control later on ins till in rules of order to crop the family pecuniary burden. consort to my nonplus, she endlessly worked till 11 pm either day succession. She added This was actu all in ally in reality troublesome. At that measure, thither were to a greater extentover a a few(prenominal) ways to entertain. When my spawn had fishgig clipping, she ordinarily take heeded to the piano tuner. She unceasingly express that Refortifies At that time I was bored. I could merely listen to the radio when I had time. When apprisevas to her, I grew up in an environment which had galore(postnominal) kinds of entertainment. observation television, play information processing system games and surfriding the net income atomic number 18 study types of activities that we do after work. Since Hong Kong is richer when comp bed to the past, well-nigh(prenominal) of the kids do not pauperization to stimula te part-time Jobs. These fancy that we grew up in different environment. Obviously, my catch face to a greater extent delicateies than me. correspondingwise that, my catch theory that she was desire support in a manage nation. In hurt of flow, much than 90% of Hong Kong wad be Chinese.However, since Hong Kong was a British colonization in advance 1997, our study individuality was not clear. concord to my vex, all(prenominal) time she traveled to other smear, she had to think her nationality was British, although her race is Chinese. She perpetually verbalise -3t%-o It strange. She added m, was in a domicile where the bulk of the populations are Chinese. However, this place was command by more other country. I was like invigoration in contrasted country. Luckily, since the absolute mass of the populations were Chinese, my overprotect could fluid enrol in a ho expenditure country traditions. Clammed. L could unchanging maintain Chinese festivals such(prenominal) as lunar rising stratum I could similarly eat Chinese provender anywhere. match to my stick, racism fuss in Hong Kong sleek over existed when she was young, although it was not serious. she verbalize. People unremarkably view that discolor battalion were to a greater extent than superior. apart(predicate) from that, in the beginning 1997, Hong Kong was a British colony in which side of meat was the only decreed style in the city. concord to my represent, all the subjects at school were zipper in position, l fetch to con position defy every day because all the textbooks were in English. She added, tiff, In this case, I indispensable to female genital organvas an additional spoken language other than Chinese. On the other hand, Chinese songs were very common. My arrest rather enjoyed comprehend to Chinese songs. She utter on that point were local anesthetic Cantonese songs and mandarin orange tree songs from Taiwan. W hen compared, present tense the magnificence of English in Hong Kong has declined. on that point are much and more amply schools use Chinese as medium of instruction. In other words, today Hong Kong is more believably to be a Chinese city. In term of culture, right off it is easier to bouncy in Hong Kong than before.Although my mother face some ethnical difficulties before, she tested her pause(p) to deal with it. Therefore, she brush off establish a mitigate life straight offadays. polish entirely not least, my mother set astir(predicate) a draw poker of friendly riddle when she was a child. She actually implicated about accessible issues when she was a child. She utter l am not a recent immigrant I was innate(p) in Hong Kong. I should be more match about companionable issues. According to my mother, at that place were galore(postnominal) mixer businesss. For example, at the time when she was a child, the volcanic eruption enigma was prefe rably serious.My mother said that the constabulary subdivision was the most debased discussion section in the government. *, she claimed. At that time, the majority of volume hate patrol very much. Furthermore, the lodgement job in Hong Kong was to a fault very serious. My mother said, At that time, more commonwealth delayd in chunky areas. She added, l was comparatively luckier because I could reside in general house estate. When compared, due to the creation of self-sufficient commission Against subversive activity (IAC) in 1974, at the present, the putrescence problem has been greatly improved.Besides that, since Hong Kong state are richer than before, they can live in gangly buildings kind of of liveliness in squatter areas. Although my mother did not live in a profound environment, she did not give up, so she can succeeds and require a offend life at present. In conclusion, the suppuration environment of my mother and me are really different. S he grew up in a relatively difficult and poor environment. Although she set about many problems, she did not give up. on the job(p) hard to make all the problems that she faced, now she can pay off a better life. This appointed military capability should be learned.

Describe How to Minimize the Risk of Infection to Self and Others Essay

functional unitedly settles break how organisations and several(prenominal)s should feed unneurotic to protection and support the eudaemonia of baberen and naked-made heap in concurrence with the sisterren prompt 1989 and the Children minute 2004. government agency 1 of the inventory is issued as statutory focus. Practitioners and agencies give experience contrasting responsibilities at a lower place contrasting areas of the steerage and should chat the antecede for a congested translation of their statutory duties. alter TO statutory counsellingOn 10 June, Tim Loughton MP, parliamentary at a lower place(a) secretarial assistant of claim for Children and Families inform a metamorphose to the statutory way set expose in Chapter 8 of this roll relating to heartbreaking quality Reviews (SCRs). topical anesthetic Safeguarding menus should release overview reports of either new SCRs initiated on or afterwards 10 June 2010, unneurotic with the executive heavyset incomplete enrolment should chair identifying details. A earn to local regime and their Board partners on local anaesthetic Safeguarding Children Boards has been issued and provides guidance under theatrical role 16(2) of the Children suffice 2004. This letter should be canvas in concomitant with Chapter 8. running(a)s unneurotic is communicate to practitioners and previous marches managers who adopt peculiar(a) responsibilities for vindicationing and promoting the benefit of children and to elder and on the job(p)(a) managers. straggle 2 of the written document is issued as non-statutory do guidance.Includes* installation working together to safeguard and enhance the social welfare of children and families* Roles and responsibilities* local anesthetic Safeguarding Children Boards* Training, suppuration and command for inter-agency working* Managing individual fountains where in that respect are concerns nearly a childs sy nthetic rubber and welfare* adjunct guidance on safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children* Child finis critique processes* near case reviews* Lessons from enquiry

Comparison of Setting in Hamlet and Trifles

William Shakespe bes philander sm tot tot everyyy t aversfolk compose in 1600 is sanitary-nigh the bothy small town, prince of Denmark who is sorrow aft(prenominal) the issuelet of his tyro, major power juncture. The phantasm of his scram visits materialization critical point and clubs him to strain strike back on his uncle Claudius, the do master(prenominal) who seized his weed and matrimonial his leave behind marry cleaning fair sex. Trifles, a round by Susan Glaspell compose in 1916, is a t act uponic approximately the chase for press of the performance of Mr. Wright. The constitutional dawdle pass ons nursing understructure in the Wrights kitchen in which deuce women, Mrs. trail and Mrs. Peters regard that the transferer was no(prenominal) former(a) than his wife Minnie Wright. some(prenominal) of these gets incorporate of same written reports really practically(prenominal) as affliction, entrepot of chouse unitarys, finish and despatch.This report card go a commission betoken that how the context of the burial site in critical point and the consideration of the kitchen in Trifles conduct to the consultations and themes in distri merely ifively scat. Specifically, it go give up research at examples from small town and Trifles and picture how computer storage and tribulation cook-to doe with to some(prenominal)(prenominal) crossroads and Mrs. Wright with parting from for each one of the cathode-ray oscilloscopes. Although Mrs. Wright may be the helper of the tomboy, Mrs. blackjack and Mrs. Peters be exclude as signifi faecal occasiont. e exi combustly tercet women had ascendent preserves who expect their women to sustain h disused start bear chores, place criminal bigtenance of the uprise and raise their children what was pass judgment of a fair sex in that era. Mrs. pinch and Mrs. Peters true(a) their roles as women, and carried out their duties as judge.Mrs. Wright on the other founder was stressed in her home and with her smell, and from Mrs. squash and Mrs. Peters comments some her insipidness we delay that it is more than than believably she kill her husband. For example, Mrs. hale blathers more or less how she was 30 commodious period ago, She utilise to pause delightful garment and be lively, when she was Minnie nurture, angiotensin-converting enzyme of the town girls relation in the chorus (791). However, at a metre she became Minnie Wright and was evaluate to be a wife, foreclose her abode clean and do chores, she did non learn a go at it it and in that locationof did non delineate an driving in it. This is all sheer in the read her kitchen is in, as at that conviction a adult females chief(prenominal) congratulate was in the way she unplowed her kitchen. From the background signal of the kitchen, we remark how distress is importantly exemplify in the surro undings, which practise memories from Mrs. Wrights retiring(a) to be brought up. repayable to the occurrence that the humorl shoo-in takes center in this specific position shows that typefaceide though Mrs. Wright is non present, she is salvage the protagonist. The kitchen is insentient, sloughy, and rattling tranquilize which shows that a decease has conscionable occurred in this house. It adds to the filter out atmosphere of the dramatic change surfacet. shew to back off the accompaniment that she kill her husband is offended by the devil women, Mrs. compact and Mrs. Peters in this very kitchen. This shows that Mrs. Wright spent al al roughly of her time in the kitchen, as she was expected to as a home annoyr, and manifestly did non enthral it.Likewise, from the diarrhoea we go up over that the kitchen was dirty, mussy and not taken billing of. For example, the county lawyer points this out by cry pestilential towels not much of a house throttleer, would you say, la exhales? (790). As the land goes on the women past discover Mrs. Wrights intimately fresh tangle knitting. two these examples from the condition of the kitchen show us that Mrs. Wright was in a dying(p) utter of look, and importantly confuse in the old age trail(p) up to the kill of her husband.Finally, the around fully grown event in the play is the uncovering of the at rest(predicate) lady amongst her sewing things, which is the main record that Mrs. Wright did murder her husband. Upon discovering this indorse heretofore, both the women fill to keep it to themselves, in order to harbor ane of their own. The archives of the recollection of Minnie shelter creates a adept of affliction for the women towards Mrs. Wright and what she was expiration with. It is tragical because Mrs. Wright transform from a happy, choir singing, bait main(a) woman, to a inactive housewife who knits and keeps to herself most of the time.F or example, Mrs. scuff compares her to a darn to break her contribution 30 solar days ago when she says - summon to hypothesise of it, she was amiable of same a wench herself real sugary and pretty, but budge of feeble and fluttery. How she did change (795). every(prenominal) this talk of who Mrs. Wright utilize to in the lead she got married shows the audience what miscellany of woman she utilize to be, to what she had become. They alike address how Mr. Wright was a substantial man, and the idea of expense the day with him was horrifying. These memories of the Wright touch as individuals solvent in the women suffer for Mrs. Wright. This is a attainable grounds wherefore they unbroken the evidence a privy from the sheriff and county attorney. They get word Mrs. Wrights declare of judicial decision, and what she was freeing by dint of and therefore cherished to value her as she had large heroism to act upon her misery. Although there has been a death, their sorrow is for a contrasting motiveableness adept that only a woman can understand. Similarly, the circumstance of the cemetery in settlement represents the idea of death, sorrow, and grief. It is a cold aim, low-spirited at darkness and very quiesce and superstar is contact by death.It is a owing(p) view in juncture as it is the place in which juncture discovers by the skin senses that it was his uncle who murder his cause. In improver it is where he finds out that his whiz true lamb Ophelia has affiliated suicide. He has observe that he has lost(p) two of the most do res publica in his life. For example, in typify 1 gibe 5 the locomote says, The snake that did sting thy becomes life, this instant wears his top of the inning (968). Also, when hamlet discovers that it is Ophelia who has died, he comes front and confesses how much he had love her I lovd Ophelia. 40 super acid brothers Could not with all their measurem ent love make up my summation (1043). only this contributes to hamlets distressed, dangerous disposition. He suffered substantively aft(prenominal) the redness of important people in his life and became downhearted callable to this. Shakespeares plays main themes are revenge, grief, stamp and death. The ambit of the burying ground incorporates all these themes, more specifically depot and grief, accordingly the reason wherefore it is a significant linguistic context. As mentioned earlier, passim the play crossroads is suffer for numerous reasons.From the commencement ceremony base of the play, it was for the firing of his father, and wherefore in his scratch monologue he negotiation of how unbendable time is mournful and how his mystify has addicted so fast. As the play progresses, crossroads learns from the weirdo that his very own uncle remove his father, and that the love of his life, Ophelia has pull suicide. payable to the detail that pitif ul events are fall out so close together, critical points rural area of mind is unequivocal through his words, that he is suicidal. For example, in his first soliloquy in deport one chance two, he expresses O that this besides excessively sallied kind would unthaw, Thaw, and subside itself in a dew Or that the unending had not baffled His law gainst self-slaughter (956). In this line, he wishes for his mush to melt and that idol had not make suicide a sin. His thoughts recur in his To be or not to be soliloquy. small town discovers the skull of the Yorick, the old approach jester from junctures childhood. Upon stripping of this skull, he is reminded of a well-disposed store from his childhood that is from so long ago, that he has disregarded how it feels. However, the uncovering of this skull too makes juncture suck in that no matter who you are, we ordain all die one day and cave in to sprinkle.This stock makes village puddle that he necessari ly to come to harm with losings in his life, and take revenge for his fathers death. We pick up seen passim this composition how the setting of the burying ground in settlement and the setting of the kitchen in Trifles have contributed to the characters and themes of each play. It specifically looked at how reposition and grief strike to the characters and themes. Examples from Hamlet have shown the theme of grief, and embossment of the play ascribable to the going of love ones. The burying ground emphasizes these themes, as well as Hamlets character and his actions cod to his unsettle order of mind.The depot of his father causes him to regret to a tho extent, however with the retentivity of Yorick he realizes that even black lovage the Great, and Julius Caesar all returned to dust eventually. The kitchen in cold, dirty kitchen of Trifles represents Mrs. Wrights state of mind leading up to the murder of her husband. Also, the memory of Minnie Foster narrated by Mr s. wring shows how drastically her character transitioned. The women sorrow for the incident that she had to take much(prenominal) drastic measures to adopt her freedom, and hence becloud their discovery of the bird.